Clearly, one of the next vaccine steps is to get as much of the world's population vaccinated with a good vaccine. If, say, the Chinese vaccine really has the poor effectiveness reported in South America, then the continued level of COVID in that region (SA) will push the government to find more effective vaccines.
IMO, the world is fortunate that China didn't (or, at least, hasn't yet) get the infection levels that the US had. Instead of 150M cases (1.95% of the world population), we might have several times that many (with the resultant variants). The fact that India didn't get too bad a hit until recently was fortunate, but they now have about 12% of all the cumulative cases. That has the potential to create new variants.
I suspect that the mRNA vaccines will be quickly adopted to any new variant, if needed. So, we may have EUA vaccines about 6 months after the variant surfaces. Now that the manufacturing & distribution processes are in place, new vaccine "boosters" may get to all the population in the US within 3 months after EUA.
Vaccine hesitancy is another issue. Is it a mostly US fad? I am not sure, but I can imagine it might be. I imagine that most countries will simply require vaccination of their population. The US may be an outlier here, considering vaccine to be a personal choice rather than a public health necessity.
Ah... here's another viewpoint. I would paraphrase this article as saying that the perception of the significance of vaccine hesitancy as an issue is a result of desired eradication of a disease plus the media's highlighting those that stand in the way of that goal. (In the US, we add to that the manipulation of public opinion as a tool of the various parties striving to solidify their support and weaken their opponent.)
If you're interested, here's a 2017 report on polio vaccine hesitancy in Nigeria. (Click on "Open Manuscript" near the top to see the full report.)
Here's a 253 page WHO report from 2014: Strategies for Addressing Vaccine Hesitancy -- A Systematic Review
IMO, the world is fortunate that China didn't (or, at least, hasn't yet) get the infection levels that the US had. Instead of 150M cases (1.95% of the world population), we might have several times that many (with the resultant variants). The fact that India didn't get too bad a hit until recently was fortunate, but they now have about 12% of all the cumulative cases. That has the potential to create new variants.
I suspect that the mRNA vaccines will be quickly adopted to any new variant, if needed. So, we may have EUA vaccines about 6 months after the variant surfaces. Now that the manufacturing & distribution processes are in place, new vaccine "boosters" may get to all the population in the US within 3 months after EUA.
Vaccine hesitancy is another issue. Is it a mostly US fad? I am not sure, but I can imagine it might be. I imagine that most countries will simply require vaccination of their population. The US may be an outlier here, considering vaccine to be a personal choice rather than a public health necessity.
Ah... here's another viewpoint. I would paraphrase this article as saying that the perception of the significance of vaccine hesitancy as an issue is a result of desired eradication of a disease plus the media's highlighting those that stand in the way of that goal. (In the US, we add to that the manipulation of public opinion as a tool of the various parties striving to solidify their support and weaken their opponent.)
If you're interested, here's a 2017 report on polio vaccine hesitancy in Nigeria. (Click on "Open Manuscript" near the top to see the full report.)
Here's a 253 page WHO report from 2014: Strategies for Addressing Vaccine Hesitancy -- A Systematic Review